Ignasi Guardans

In early February 2026, three French ministers must decide whether to move the national health data platform off Microsoft’s cloud in a single step. The platform has been hosted on Microsoft Azure since 2019. A statutory obligation to use sovereign infrastructure has been in force since May 2024, its implementing decree is more than a year overdue, and a government commitment to leave Microsoft, given in 2020, has not been honoured. This case is designed to help participants examine the gap between legal mandates and their execution in government.

Gitanjali Adlakha-Hutcheon and Yolaine Frossard de Saugy

NATO is under increasing pressure as it encounters a mixture of rising external threats and internal dissensions. Its digital operations are a case in point. The alliance needs to modernize its digital and cloud capabilities to ensure interoperability. The United States is a core provider of the necessary technology but is proving increasingly unreliable as a partner. This case study examines the risks and consequences associated with tech dependency in an age of geopolitical fragmentation.

Artie Ng

In February 2026, Canada revised its policy on the national sales targets of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) to 20 percent of new vehicles by 2026, 60 percent by 2030, and 100 percent by 2035. This case reveals the challenges of developing Canada’s electric vehicle (EV) industry under the recently renewed strategic plan for the automotive sector, which could create jobs beyond manufacturing. Considering competing interests, how should limited resources be allocated to nurture this emerging industry?

Jessica West

This case examines persistent disruption of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) affecting northern Norway and the broader Arctic region. What began as episodic concern during a major NATO exercise in 2018 evolved into a recurring operational problem, intensifying after Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine and increasingly affecting civilian aviation, maritime navigation and emergency services. By 2025, suspected spoofing incidents had added a new layer of risk by introducing misleading positioning data rather than simple signal loss.

Abbas Yazdinejad

This case presents a decision-forcing dilemma within the context of a provincial electricity operator. After a suspected coordinated cyber intrusion, an AI-based anomaly detection system recommends immediate substation isolation. The intervention likely prevents a cascading grid instability, but triggers rolling outages that affect hospitals and public transit. Post-incident analysis shows that the AI system substantially overestimated the probability of failure, prompting questions about AI-assisted decision making.